Islamic hadith is
a book that contains a collection of information from what the Prophet Muhammad
SAW said while he was still alive, including information regarding all the
actions that the Prophet had ever carried out. Because of this, Islamic hadith is used as the second source of law after the holy book Al-Quran to explain a subject matter.
What this means is that when there is a certain case that does not have a proof in the quran, we are advised to take the proof in a hadith.
All Muslims believe that all the words and actions of the Prophet Muhammad SAW are based on the quran and even Allah SWT himself said it in Surah Al-Qalam verse 4 (and indeed you really have great character)
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This revelation from Allah is enough to be used as a guide and the reason why all the words and actions of the Messenger of Allah which are immortalized through several Islamic hadiths have become the second source of law.
Reporting from the Journal of Hadith Studies Volume 1, No. 1, January 2022 entitled Daif hadith and the law of practicing it, it is said that once when the Prophet was still alive there was a group of people who criticized Abdullah bin Amr Bin Ash RA who liked to write down the Prophet's sayings.
The group of critics said that the Messenger of Allah was an ordinary human being who sometimes spoke in a state of anger and joy. When Abdullah heard this, he reported it to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The Messenger of Allah immediately answered,
write from me "By the One in Whose Hand my soul is, nothing comes out of my mouth except the truth."
Religious leaders and Islamic scholars agreed to divide the Islamic hadith books into several categories based on their level of validity, namely
1. Mutawatir (Valid)
2. Hassan
3. Mau'du
4. Dhaif
Mutawatir hadith
Hadith Of these four types of Islamic hadith, the mutawatir hadith is agreed by Islamic scholars to be the hadith with the highest level of validity. There is no need to doubt at all that the people who tell a story, because they must have seen or heard it and what the Messenger of Allah did when he was still alive.
According to Al Hafidz ibn Hajar Al Asqolani in his book Nukhbatul Fikr written in the 15th century AD, there are four conditions for a hadith to be said to be mutawatir if
- The hadith was told by many people in different places, so it is impossible for them to agree to lie, make up the story that was told
- The hadith has the same story from the first person who sees or hears it to the last person.
- The hadith that is told is based on the five senses, namely having seen, heard, felt
- The hadith they tell produces knowledge for those who listen to them.
If these four conditions are met, then the hadith is automatically considered a mutawatir hadith. If it is not fulfilled, then the hadith is categorized as Famous.
Reporting from the banten.nu.or.id page, Imam al-Suyuthi, who lived between 849-911 Hijriah, throughout his life tried to collect a number of hadiths that fell into the mutawatir category.
As a result, no less than 113 hadiths fall into the mutawatir category and these hadiths are scattered and found in the books of Sahih Al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Al-Tirmidhi, Sunan Al-Nasa'i, Ibnu Majjah, Ahmad and so on.
Examples of mutawatir hadiths such as those in the Sahih Al-Bukhari book are: "Whoever lies in my name intentionally, let him be prepared to take his seat in hell.
This hadith was told sequentially by no less than 70 people in different locations.
Hasan hadith
The Islamic hadith that is considered to be included in the Hasan hadith is measured by the person's memory for telling it. If the person does not really remember the exact words of the story then the hadith falls into the Hasan hadith group.
Another requirement is that a Hasan hadith is the same as an authentic hadith, the only difference is that the memory or memorization of the person who narrated the hadith is still below the level of the person who narrated the authentic hadith.
Examples of Hasan hadiths as contained in the book al-Tirmidzhi Having told us Qutaibah, he said, 'Has told us Ja'far bin Sulaiman Adh Dhuba'i from Abu Imran Al Jauni from Abu Bakr bin Abu Musa Al Asy'ari he said I heard my father say when in front of the enemy, " The Messenger of Allah said, "Indeed, the gates of heaven are under the shadow of the sword.
Hadith Mau'du
This third Islamic hadith comes from unclear information or the person who tells it has a bad reputation, such as lying. So you could say that the Mau'du hadith is a fake hadith that someone made up for certain interests. An example of a mau'du hadith is as follows Indeed, Allah loves to see His servants who are tired in seeking halal sustenance."
The person who narrated this hadith was one Muhammad bin Sahl Al-Aththar. where he is famous for falsifying hadiths. In short, the Mau'du hadith was written as if it were the words of the Prophet and usually this was done to support his own actions.
Dhaif Hadith
The fourth type of Islamic hadith is called dhaif, which means news, something new or something close. Hadiths in this group are also assessed by the person who narrated them, if he forgets where the story came from or forgets a sentence he once heard then it already qualifies as a dhaif hadith.
So dhaif hadith is not the same as mau'du hadith (fake hadith) and there are two opinions of the scholars saying that dhaif hadith can still be practiced but there are also scholars who say it cannot be practiced.
Imam Abu Hanifa, founder of the Hanifa school of thought, was one of the scholars who allowed the use of this Daif hadith. According to him, if a case cannot be found in the Al-Quran and authentic hadith, it is better to use the dhaif hadith as proof (reference).
An example of a dhaif hadith that is very popular among society, for example during the month of Ramadan.
- The person who fasts remains in a state of worship even though he is sleeping on his bed
- Ramadan is a month that is full of grace in the beginning, full of forgiveness in the middle and the final phase is liberation from the fire of hell Those are some brief reviews about Islamic hadiths along with examples.
Hopefully we Muslims can sort and choose hadiths that can be used as evidence.
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