Sunni Islam is one of two Islamic teachings that developed rapidly after the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW.
This teaching is also usually called ahlus sunnah wal jama'ah, namely a group that always follows what the Messenger of Allah taught.
Referring to the 2022 Journal of Islamic Civilization entitled Articulation of Sunni theology in Indonesia, its history, expressions and movements, currently no less than 53 countries in the world adhere to Sunni Islam.
So when did the teachings of Sunni Islam first appear and why?
Quoted from the wisdom journal volume 8 number 2007 released by IAIN Palangkaraya, it is believed that the term Sunni first appeared in the 9th century, or to be precise, 873 AD.
This was also emphasized by an Islamic historian from the United States, Marshaal Hodgson, in his book The Venture of Islam in 1974, who said that the rapid development of the term Sunnism or Islamic Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah group was due to the emergence of their conflict with Abdullah bin Saba's group who adhered to Islamic teachings Shia between 750 to 1258 AD.
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From the Wikipedia page, Sunni is a term that has its roots in the Arabic word Sunnah which means smooth flow or direct flow path which refers to the attitudes, actions, words and way the Prophet lived his life.
In this article, we will review the characteristics of Sunni Islamic teachings, so that our thinking becomes established and strengthens our belief that what has been done so far is not wrong.
The main characteristics of Sunni Islam
Every Muslim can claim to be a follower of Sunni beliefs, but this is not necessarily in accordance with their practices. The following are the characteristics of a person or group of true Sunni Muslims
1. They acknowledge and believe in the existence of Allah SWT as the only God worthy of worship and there is no one equal to Him.
2. Acknowledge and believe that the Prophet Muhammad SAW was the last messenger of Allah SWT to mankind who brought the message of Allah to be taught.
3. They also acknowledge and believe that the contents of the Al-Qur'an are the word of Allah SWT and the Ottoman mushaf used
4. Accept and acknowledge authentic hadith as the second source of law after the quran
5. Believe and believe that there are only 5 pillars of Islam and there are 6 pillars of Islam.
6. Believe and believe that the place of Hajj is in Baitulalah, the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
7. Believe and believe that Allah SWT has a number of names according to his great nature.
8. Respect and love the family of the Prophet and his friends
9. Believe and believe that the Messenger of Allah had Isra and Mi'raj
10. Believe and believe in the torment of the grave and the day of resurrection
11. Believe and believe that there is a place called heaven and hell
12. Believe and believe that in the afterlife there will be judgment from Allah SWT
13. Believe and believe that human deeds determine whether or not they enter heaven
14. Follow one of the schools of thought, Safi'i, Maliki, Hambali, and Hanafi school of thought
Adherents of Sunni Islamic teachings
The earliest adherents of Sunniism were those closest to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. The reason is, they certainly lived at the same time as the Prophet so they could learn and even receive direct guidance so that their religious practices would not go astray.
Apart from being close friends of the Prophet, the tabi'in were also adherents of Sunni Islam. These are people who have met and studied directly with the companions of the Prophet Muhammad SAW.
So even though they didn't have the chance to meet the Messenger of Allah, they could receive his teachings through close friends of the Prophet Muhammad SAW.
The next adherents of Sunni Islami teachings are the tabi'ut tabi'in, namely people who are close friends of the tabi'in who study with them.
Furthermore, the pious people studied in stages from the tabi'ut tabi'in. This is a list of adherents of Sunni Islamic teachings, whose numbers have spread throughout the world to this day.
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